Here are recommendations to securely connect and/or extract data from cloud SQL Server databases:
Option 1: Secured IP-to-IP
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From the computer to connect to the cloud MS SQL:
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Find out your public (fixed) IP address. Ex.: https://whatismyipaddress.com/
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Provide your public IP address to the cloud MS SQL provider.
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You’ll need from the cloud SQL Server provider:
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A SQL user with reading rights from the desired SQL database.
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The SQL’s URL or IP (including the SQL port) on the internet. Ex: 123.12.11.123,1433.
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The SQL Provider must whitelist your public IP address.
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The SQL instance should use an SSL certificate to encrypt communications.
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With the above done, connect to the cloud SQL with the following in the extraction tool:
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Server Name: URL or IP. Ex.: 123.12.11.123,1433
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Authentication: SQL Server Authentication. Enter username and password.
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Database: Enter the database name. In SSMS, this parameter is behind the Options button.
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Option 2: VPN
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Discuss VPN arrangements with your cloud MS SQL provider.